初中英语知识点:关系副词
◎ 关系副词的定义
关系副词:
用于引出定语从句,且在句中用作状语。
关系副词when表示时间,where表示地点,why表示原因。
例如:Sunday is the day when very few people go to work.
            That is the reason why he dislikes me. 
            Do you know a shop where I can find sandals?
◎ 关系副词的知识扩展
     关系副词用于引出定语从句,且在句中用作状语。关系副词when表示时间,where表示地
点,why表示原因。
例如:Sunday is the day when very few people go to work.
            That is the reason why he dislikes me. 
            Do you know a shop where I can find sandals?
◎ 关系副词的知识点拨

关系副词用法:
1.关系副词兼有副词与连接词两种作用,在不及物动词的连接中要求用关系副词。

2.关系副词所引导的形容词子句用于修饰主要子句中的某一名词或代名词,被修饰的词称作先行词,关系副词要放在先行词之后。
例如:关系副词when在定语从句中用作状语,表示时间,用以修饰表示时间的先行词。

3.关系副词主要有三个,即when,where,why。此外that也可代替关系代词引导代词子句。

4.关系副词=preposition(介词)+relative pronoun(关系代词)
例如:where=in which,when=on which,why=for which
这些关系副词在从句中做状语。
Would you please tell me the way how I can get to the zoo?
你能告诉我去动物园的路吗?(the way是先行词。)
This is the place where(that) I first met her.
这是我第一次见到她的地方。
在口语中that可以充当关系副词,代替when,why,how,只有先行词是the place时,才可代替where。
A:When should we start to work?
B:The sooner (we start),the better (it will be).
我们应该什么时候开始工作? 越早越好。
the作关系副词是引导副词子句,句子结构一般为:The+比较级...+the+比较级...,第一个the是关系副词。

5.time,day,year,place,house,reason,way等作先行词时可以被省略,其后的子句不再是形容词子句,而变成名词子句或副词子句。
中文:这是他出生的地方。
This is where he was born.
where he was born是名词子句。
This is the place where he was born.
where he was born是形容词子句。
中文:我将在第一次见到她的地方见她。
I'll meet her at the place where I first met her.
where I first met her是形容词子句。
I'll meet her where I first met her.
where I first met her是副词子句。

6.关系副词有限定用法,指的是关系副词引导的形容词子句只修饰先行词。
We were very happy in those days when we studied in school.
我们在学校里上学的那些日子里很快乐。

7.关系副词有补述用法,即关系副词引导的是对等子句而不是形容词子句,主要用于对主要子句中的不足之处加以补充,前面都要加逗点与主要子句分开。
Tom got married the day before yesterday,when it was his birthday too.
汤姆前天结婚了,那天也是他的生日。

8.wherever,whenever,however是复合关系副词,表示"不论",引导一个修饰主要子句里的动词的副词子句,可加强语气或表示让步。
Wherever he goes,he would bring an umbrella with him.
不论他去那里,他都带着一把雨伞。

◎ 关系副词的知识拓展

定语从句中关系词省略的6种情形:
关系词有时可以省略,但这只限于限制性定语从句中,在非限制性定语从句中,关系词则不可省略。
一、关系代词作宾语时的省略
当关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时,可以省略。如:
Is there anything (which) you wanted? 想要什么东西吗?
Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁?

二、关系代词作表语时的省略
当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时,可以省略。如:
China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。(that作表语)

三、关系代词作宾补时的省略
当关系代词that在定语从句中用作宾语补足时,可以省略。如:
I’m not the madman (that) you thought me. 我并不是你所认为的那个疯子。(that作宾语补语)

四、关系副词when的省略
用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略,但有一种特殊情况,即用于day, year, time等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如:
That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 就是那一年我第一次出国了。
I’ll never forget the day (that) we met. 我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。

五、关系副词where的省略
用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略,但有一种特殊情况,即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如:
This is the place (where) they met yesterday. 这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。
Have you somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour? 你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时?

六、关系副词why的省略
关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句,且通常可换成that或for which,均可省略。如:
That’s the reason (why, for which, that) he came. 这就是他来的原因。
Give me one reason (why) we should help you. 给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。

◎ 关系副词的考试要求
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◎ 关系副词的所有试题
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