否定句的概念:
概念否定句指否定陈述句的句子。
否定句的几种类型:
1、用not构成的否定句:主语+助动词/be+not+…
例句:He is not back yet.
It is not true.
We haven't forgotten you.
2、祈使句的否定句:Don't+动词原形…。
例句:Don't worry. I'll look after you.
Don't believe a word he says.
Don't be so rude.
3、非谓语动词(不定式,分词,动名词)的否定式:把not放在todo; doing的前面。
如:It's important not to worry.
He said he deeply regretted not being able to help.
Not knowing what to do, Shelly asked advice of her friend.
He reproached me for not having told it to him.
4、not与除谓语以外的其他句子成分连用:
如:Come early, but not before six.
It's working, but not properly.
I believe he will succeed, though not without some difficulty.
not用在I hope; I believe; I'm afraid; I guess; I suppose; I expect之后,构成省略句。
如:—Will it snow today?
—I hope not.
5、用no构成否定句:no+名词(单,复数,不可数)相当于not+a+名词/not+any+名词
如:No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated.
The nations of Europe and America have found that no country can produce all its needs without trading.
Take that towel, I have no other.
I can walk no farther.
There is no knowing what will happen.
6、某些否定副词或代词:seldom; never; hardly; rarely; little; few; none; nowhere; neither等在句中构成否定句:
如:I can seldom find time for reading.
Mirror tells only the facts, never the poetry.
The rumor came from nowhere.
None but fools have ever believed it.
7、否定转移:当think; believe; suppose; imagine等动词引导否定意义的宾语从句时,把从句中的not提到主句这些动词前面,是主句变成否定句:
如:I don't think she's at home, but I'll go and see.
I don't imagine that he'll enjoy it.
8、否定式疑问句:
如:Doesn't she understand?
Haven't you booked your holiday yet?
全部否定与部分否定的转换:
我们很多人都拿不准all在与否定词连用时,它的否定程度怎么样,在这里我们讲几个例子来理解一下,希望对大家有用:
如:This is our first lesson, so I don't know all your names.
这一句的后半部分该怎样理解呢?究竟是“你们的名字我全不知道”还是“你们的名字我不全知道”呢?不少学生对此感到茫然。这就涉及到英语中的部分否定和全部否定。上面这个看似全部否定的句子,其实表示的是部分否定。
1、Not单独使用,表示全部否定,但是在英语中all,both,every,everyone,everything等与否定词not连用时,表示的是部分否定,而非全部否定。
例如:I don't know all of them. 我并不全认识他们。
I don't like both of the books. 这两本书我并不都喜欢。
Not every student goes to the farm on Sundays. 并非每个学生星期天都去农场。
Not everyone in our class likes football. 在我们班并非每个人都喜欢足球。
2、若要表示全部否定,则应用相应的表示全部否定的否定词。
如:all→none(一个人也没有、没有任何东西),
both→neither(两个都不)
every→no
everyone→noone(nobody)
everything→ nothing等
上述四个例句要表示全部否定应分别为:
如:I know none of them. 他们我都不认识。
I like neither of the books. 这两本书我都不喜欢。
No student goes to the farm on Sundays. 星期天没有学生去农场。
No one/Nobody in our class likes football. 我们班没有人喜欢足球。