高中英语知识点:全部否定
◎ 全部否定的定义

否定句的概念:

概念否定句指否定陈述句的句子。

◎ 全部否定的知识扩展
在英语里有一些用来表示“全体”或“完全”意义的总括词,如all, every(及everybody,
everything等),both, always, quite, wholly, entirely, altogether, completely等,
凡含有这些词的否定句并非表示全部否定。如:
Not all the ants go out for the food. 并非所有的蚂蚁都出外觅食。
Money is not everything. 金钱并非万能。
从上面例子中可以看出部分否定有下列两种形式:
1、直接把否定词not 放在被否定词之前。如:
1)Not all birds can fly. 并不是所有的鸟都会飞。
2)Not both children are clever. 两个孩子并不都聪明。
3)He doesn't quite understand. 他并非全部理解。
4)We are not altogether interested. 我们并不完全感兴趣。
2、用not 来否定谓语。如:
1) I can't catch everything in the book. 我没有完全掌握书中的内容。
2)All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。
除了上述两种常见的形式外,部分否定还有其它表现形式。如:
1)She can't sing and dance. (not...and... ) 她并非既会唱歌又会跳舞。
2)It was not for nothing that she spent two years studying skies. (not for nothing)
   她花了两年时间研究天体并非毫无收获。
还有含有seldom, hardly, little 等词的句子也有表示部分否定的情况。
(1) He seldom asks for leave. 他很少请假。
(2)It hardly ever snows in Guangdong. 广东极少下雪。
(3)We know few of them. 他们当中我们不认识几个人。
(4)There is little ink in the bottle. 瓶里没有多少墨水。
必须指出的是,若总括词后出现带有否定词缀的词或含有否定概念的词时,总括词所在的句子
则表示“全部否定”。试比较:
(1)All people here are not friendly. 这里所有的人并不都很友好。(部分否定)
(2)All people here are unfriendly. 这里所有的人都不友好。(全部否定)
(3)Not always was she kind to us. 她并不总是对我们客气。(部分否定)
(4)She was always unkind to us. 她对我们总是不客气。(全部否定)
又如:He failed in everything he did. (= He succeeded in nothing he did.) 
      他所做的事全都失败了。
总之,只有通过多做多练才能识别出部分否定和全部否定的不同含义,以便对句子和文章能有更
好的理解。
◎ 全部否定的知识点拨

否定句的几种类型:

1、用not构成的否定句:主语+助动词/be+not+…
例句:He is not back yet.
            It is not true. 
            We haven't forgotten you.
2、祈使句的否定句:Don't+动词原形…。
例句:Don't worry. I'll look after you.
            Don't believe a word he says.
            Don't be so rude.
3、非谓语动词(不定式,分词,动名词)的否定式:把not放在todo; doing的前面。
如:It's important not to worry.
        He said he deeply regretted not being able to help.
        Not knowing what to do, Shelly asked advice of her friend.
        He reproached me for  not having told it to him.
4、not与除谓语以外的其他句子成分连用:
如:Come early, but not before six.
        It's working, but not properly.
        I believe he will succeed, though not without  some difficulty.
not用在I hope; I believe; I'm afraid; I guess; I suppose; I expect之后,构成省略句。
如:—Will it snow today? 
        —I hope not.
5、用no构成否定句:no+名词(单,复数,不可数)相当于not+a+名词/not+any+名词
如:No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated.
        The nations of Europe and America have found that no country can produce all its needs without trading.
        Take that towel, I have no other.
        I can walk no farther.
        There is no knowing what will happen.
6、某些否定副词或代词:seldom; never; hardly; rarely; little; few; none; nowhere; neither等在句中构成否定句:
如:I can seldom find time for reading.
        Mirror tells only the facts, never the poetry.
        The rumor came from nowhere.
        None but fools have ever believed it.
7、否定转移:当think; believe; suppose; imagine等动词引导否定意义的宾语从句时,把从句中的not提到主句这些动词前面,是主句变成否定句:
如:I don't think she's at home, but I'll go and see.
        I don't imagine that he'll enjoy it.
8、否定式疑问句:
如:Doesn't she understand?
        Haven't you booked your holiday yet?

◎ 全部否定的知识拓展

全部否定与部分否定的转换:

我们很多人都拿不准all在与否定词连用时,它的否定程度怎么样,在这里我们讲几个例子来理解一下,希望对大家有用:
如:This is our first lesson, so I don't know all your names.   
这一句的后半部分该怎样理解呢?究竟是“你们的名字我全不知道”还是“你们的名字我不全知道”呢?不少学生对此感到茫然。这就涉及到英语中的部分否定和全部否定。上面这个看似全部否定的句子,其实表示的是部分否定。
1、Not单独使用,表示全部否定,但是在英语中all,both,every,everyone,everything等与否定词not连用时,表示的是部分否定,而非全部否定。
例如:I don't know all of them. 我并不全认识他们。  
            I don't like both of the books. 这两本书我并不都喜欢。  
            Not every student goes to the farm on Sundays. 并非每个学生星期天都去农场。  
            Not everyone in our class likes football. 在我们班并非每个人都喜欢足球。
2、若要表示全部否定,则应用相应的表示全部否定的否定词。
如:all→none(一个人也没有、没有任何东西),
        both→neither(两个都不)
        every→no
        everyone→noone(nobody)
        everything→ nothing等
上述四个例句要表示全部否定应分别为:  
如:I know none of them. 他们我都不认识。  
        I like neither of the books. 这两本书我都不喜欢。  
        No student goes to the farm on Sundays. 星期天没有学生去农场。  
        No one/Nobody in our class likes football. 我们班没有人喜欢足球。

◎ 全部否定的考试要求
暂无
◎ 全部否定的所有试题
1