III. 阅读 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 As goods and services improved, people were persuaded to spend their money on changing from old to new, and found the change worth the expense. When an airline equipped itself with jets, for example, its costs (and therefore air fare) would go up, but the new planes meant such an improvement that the higher cost was justified. A new car (or wireless, washing machine, electric kettle) made life so much more comfortable than the old one that the high cost of replacement was fully repaid. Manufacturers still cry their goods as persuasively as ever, but are the improvements really worth paying for? In many fields, things have now reached such a high standard of performance that further progress is very limited and very, very expensive. Airlines, for example, go to enormous expense in buying the latest prestige jets, in which vast research costs have been spent on relatively small improvements. If we abandon these vast costs we might lose the chance of cutting minutes away from flying times; but wouldn’t it be better to see airfares drop dramatically, as capital costs become relatively insignificant? Again, in the context of a 70 m. p. h. Limit, with lines of cars traveling so close as to control each other’s speeds, improvements in performance are actually irrelevant; improvements in handling are unnecessary, as most production cars grip（抓牢） the road perfectly, and comfort has now reached a very high level. Small improvements here are unlikely to be worth the thousands that anybody replacing an ordinary family car every two years may have spent on them. Let us instead have cars — or wireless, electric kettles, washing machines, television sets — which are made to last, and not to be replaced. Significant progress is obviously a good thing, but the insignificant progression from model-change to model-change is not. 1. The author is obviously challenging the social norm (社会规范) that ________________. A. it is important to improve goods and services B. development of technology makes our life more comfortable C. it is reasonable that prices are going up all the time D. slightly improved new products are worth buying 2. According to this passage, airfares may rise because ______________. A. the airplane has been improved B. people tend to travel by new airplanes C. the change is found to be reasonable D. the service on the airplane is better than before 3. According to the author, passengers would be happier if they ____________. A. could fly in the latest model of good planes B. could get tickets at much lower prices C. see the airlines make vital changes in their services D. could spend less time flying in the air 4. When manufactures have improved the performance of their products to a certain level, then it would be _______________. A. justified for them to cut the price B. unnecessary for them to make any new changes C. difficult and costly to further better them D. insignificant for them to cut down the research costs 5. In the case of cars, the author advises that we _____________. A. cancel the speed limit B. further improve their performance C. change models every two years D. improve their durability (耐久性) |