Teaching includes more than leadership. Some of the teacher's time and effort is directed toward instruction, some toward evaluation(评价). But it is the teacher as a group leader who creates an effective organizational structure and good working environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. A group that is totally disorganized, unclear about its goals, or constantly fighting among its members will not be a good learning group. The leadership pattern includes helping to form and keep up a positive learning environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place.
On the first day of class the teacher faces a room filled with individuals. Perhaps a few closely united groups and friendships already exist. But there is no sense of belonging. If teachers are successful leaders, they will help students develop a system of relationships that encourages cooperation.
Standards and rules must be set up that keep order, ensure justice, and protect individual rights, but are not against school policy. What happens when one student hurts another's individual rights? Without clear guidelines agreeable to students, teachers, and administration(行政管理), the classroom can be in disorder. Students may break rules they did not know existed. If standards are set without opinions from the class, students may spend a great deal of creative energy in ruining the class environment, finding ways to break rules.
No matter how skillful the teacher is in uniting students and setting up a positive atmosphere, the task is never complete. Regular maintenance(保持) is necessary. Conflicts(冲突) arise. The needs of individual members change. A new kind of learning task requires a new organizational structure. Sometimes out pressures such as holidays, upcoming tests or athletic contests, or family troubles cause pressure in the classroom. One task for the teacher is to bring back a positive environment by helping students deal with conflicts, changes and pressure.
68. This article is written mainly for the purpose of ______.
A. providing information for teaching    
B. studying the teacher's behavior in the classroom
C. comparing the teacher's behaviors with students'    
D. teaching and organizing a class
69. The teacher, in some way, is a leader because ______.
A. he must well-organize a class and keep a good learning environment
B. he deals with students in the same way as a leader does
C. he should develop agreement among students
D. he has to keep his class in order and give instruction and evaluation
70. Which of the following is not true?
A. If the teacher well unites his student sand creates a positive atmosphere, he then will complete his task.
B. If guidelines are not acceptable both to students and teachers, the classroom can be a mess.
C. Outside pressure may cause pressure among students.
D. Students need the teacher just as sheep need a shepherd(羊倌).