_____ most efficient way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _______ good knowledge
of basic word formation.

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A. showed off
B. took off
C. put off
D. paid off

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A. we do not learn from experience
B. we do not learn when we are in pain
C. pain teaches us important lessons
D. pain cannot be avoided

     As an experienced photojournalist in Nashville, Tennessee, I was hired by USA Today newspaper to
photograph a spinal bifida (脊柱畸形) corrective surgical procedure. It was to be performed on a
twenty-one week old fetus (胎儿)in uterus (子宫)at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. At that time, in
1999, twenty-one weeks in uterus was the earliest that the surgical team would consider for surgery. The
worst possible outcome would be that the surgery would cause premature delivery, and no child born earlier
than twenty-three weeks had survived.
     The tension could be felt in the operating room as the surgery began. A typical C-section incision (切口)

 was made to access the uterus, which was then lifted out and laid at the junction of the mother's thighs
(大腿). The entire procedure would take place within the uterus, and no part of the child was to breach the
surgical opening. During the procedure, the position of the fetus was adjusted by gently manipulating ( 熟练
操作) the outside of the uterus. The entire surgical procedure on the child was completed in one hour and
thirteen minutes. When it was over, the surgical team breathed a sigh of relief, as did I.
     As a doctor asked me what speed of film I was using, out of the corner of my eye I saw the uterus
shake, but no one's hands were near it. It was shaking from within. Suddenly, an entire arm thrust out of the
opening, then pulled back until just a little hand was showing. The doctor reached over and lifted the hand,
which reacted and squeezed the doctor's finger. As if testing for strength, the doctor shook the tiny fist.
Samuel held firm. I took the picture! Wow! It happened so fast that the nurse standing next to me asked,
"What happened?" "The child reached out," I said. "Oh. They do that all the time," she responded.
     The surgical opening to the uterus was closed and the uterus was then put back into the mother and
the C-section opening was closed.
     It was ten days before I knew if the picture was even in focus. To ensure no digital manipulation of
images before they see them, USA Today requires that film be submitted (提交) unprocessed. When the
photo editor finally phoned me he said, "It's the most incredible picture I've ever seen."

     Psychology (心理学) has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, together with their
patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. In large hospitals, modern
therapy (疗法) seems to focus on the physical disease. Patients may feel they are treated like broken
machines. Some doctors have recognized this as a problem. They are now using psychological therapy, in
which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine. The patient does
not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight.
     The doctor knows that a disease affects a patient's body physically. The body of the patient changes
because of the disease. He is not only physically affected, but also has an emotional response to the disease.
Because his mind is affected, his attitude and behavior change. The medical treatment might cure the patient's
physical problems, but the patient's mind must fight the emotional ones. For example, the studies of one
doctor, Carl Simonton, M. D., have shown that a typical cancer patient has predictable attitudes. She typically
feels depressed, upset, and angry. Her constant depression makes her acts unfriendly toward her family,
friends, doctors, and nurses. Such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery. Therefore, a doctor's treatment
must help the patient change that. Simonton's method emphasizes treatment of the"whole" patient.
     The attitude of a cancer patient receiving radiation therapy, an X-ray treatment, can become more positive.
The physician who is following Simonton's psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that
he or she can see the tumor (肿瘤) in the body. In the mental picture, the patient"sees" a powerful beam of
radiation like a million bullets of energy. The patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing
them to shrink. For another cancer patient, Dr. Simonton asks him to imagine the medicine going from the
stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells. The patient imagines that the medicine is like an army
fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying and his blood carry away the dead cells.
Both the medical therapy and the patient's positive attitude fight the disease.
     Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works. However, this use of psychology does help some
patients because their attitudes about themselves change. They become more confident because they use the
power within their own minds to help stop the disease. Another application of using the mind to help cure
disease is the use of suggestion therapy. At first, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply. The
patient thinks only about one thing. He becomes so unaware of other things around him that he is asleep, or
 rather in a trance (催眠状态). Then the physician makes"a suggestion" to the patient about the medical
problem. The patient's mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance. In
this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment. Doctors have learned that this use
of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. For example, physicians have used suggestion to help
adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, sometimes the adult patient worries about her
illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well. The right suggestions may help the patient to
stop being anxious. Such treatment may help the patient with a chronic(慢性的) diseases. Asthma (哮喘) is
an example of a chronic disorder. Asthma is a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in breathing.
The patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs. Psychology can
help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. After suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily.
     Physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children. Children respond
quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it. For example, Dr. Basil R. Collison has worked with
121 asthmatic children in Sydney, Australia, and had good results. Twenty-five of the children had Excellent
results. They were able to breathe more easily, and they did not need medication. Another forty-three were
also helped. The symptoms of the asthma occurred less frequently, and when they did, they were not as
strong. Most of the children also felt better about themselves. Doctors have also used suggestion to change
habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related problems.
     Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology and that psychology has
important applications in medicine.

A. Pacha London www.pachalondon.com
     The world's most historic club is set in a building of the 1920s beautifully decorated in its original oak
paneling and features an impressive glass ceiling. You can enjoy beauty, style and elegance when clubbing
at London's most historic night club Pacha and appreciate works of some famous musicians.
B. Amika London www.amikalondon.com
     Amika plays host to the new super elite (精英) who are seeking the latest fashion trends. A unique
playground designed for fun. It is the final destination for major players and glitterati (上层人士) alike. It
features table reservations & bookings, events and corporate bookings.
C. SeOne Club London www.seonelondon.com
     SeOne is one of London's largest music clubs. Situated in the north of London, SeOne consists of five
rooms. It can be broken down into smaller spaces and can be used for parties as small as 100 people. SeOne
Club has attracted all kinds of promoters and event organizers, from corporate giants to dance promoters.
D. Koko Club www.koko.uk.com
     Situated at 1A Camden High Street, Central London, Koko Club represents a versatile (通用的),
21st-century club. It's very adaptable so it can be used for anything---from small comedy to international
music awards. A must visit!
E. Bar Rumba www.barrumba.co.uk
     Located in London's west end, Bar Rumba is one of London's leading late night clubs. Playing funk,

jazz, Afro-beat, Latin, Cuban, salsa, drum & bass, break beat. It has an amazing sound system for dance
music. Every night it delivers a different beat---from hip hop to Latin dance, from grime to jazz.
F. Club Colosseum www.clubcolosseum.com
     Situated in 1 Nine Elms Lane. Vauxall, London, Club Colosseum won the world's best club award in
1999. Now it features a new VIP room, a spectacular riverside bar with a view all over London & the
River Thames.