A．At the barber's．
B．At the baker's
C．At  the dentist's．

     For many in the United States,Arab-Americans are an invisible part of the population.
Though Arab-Americans as a community have made great contributions to American
society in fields from literature to politics to medicine,many Americans know very little
about Americans of Arab backgrounds．
     Arab history in the United States goes back to the late 1800's when large numbers
of Arab immigrants first began making their journey to a land known simply as"Amreeka"．
     Historians generally describe Arab immigration to America in two waves．The first wave
took place between 1860 and 1924．The first wave consisted of Lebanese and Syrian,and
some Egyptian immigrants．These new immigrants,who were mostly Christian,came to
America in search of better opportunities．Even the doomed Titanic,which set sail for
America in 1912,had close to a hundred Arab passengers aboard．The majority of
Arab-Americans today are descendents of the first wave of immigrants;they are the third
or more generation Americans．
     The second wave of immigrants followed after World War Ⅱ,caused by political unrest
in the Middle East．This second wave of immigrants consists of mainly Arab Muslims(穆斯
林)and continues to this day．
     Arab-Americans make up 3 million of the population in the United States,according to
demographers．And quite different from popular belief,64 percent of them are American-born．
Eighty-two percent of Arab-Americans are US citizens．
     Arab-Americans are beyond the national average in both education and income．Education
is important among Arab-Americans;82 percent have high school diplomas,36 percent have
bachelor's degrees or higher,and 15 percent have graduate degrees．The-median(中位数的)
average income among Arab-Americans is $39 580,which is higher than the US average．

     The use of the word imitation(模仿) reminds me that we ought to make some more
comments on the risk of people imitating what they see on the screen in the way of crime
(犯罪) or violence．First there was always a risk of children acting out scenes which
could be dangerous．For example,I remember a woman who was head of a middle
school telling me that she had happened to look out of her window when the children
were on the playground and had seen them putting a small boy on a chair with a rope
round his neck and the rope over the branch of a tree;fortunately she was in time to get
there before the child was hanged．I remember a film in particular in which the hero who
was imprisoned had escaped by electrocuting(通电触死) his guard,the technique of
doing this being shown in detail．This was the kind of scene which we could cut for these
reasons．
     In films for young people and adults we always tried to keep off the screen the details
of criminal techniques,such as how to open a locked door with a piece of hard plastic or
how to open a safe;if we were consulted(请教) before production,I used to advise that the
details should not be shown．When I gave talks in prisons about film checking I had full
support for this,since fathers who were in prison for criminal offences did not want their
children to get on crime．
     Every time I gave a talk in a prison someone used to mention the French film Rififi．
made by Jules Dassin in 1954．This remarkable film showed in great detail a robbery of
a jeweller's shop,the robbery lasting about half an hour and being backed by only natural
sound．．．one of the most brilliant film sequences(连续镜头) of all time．I remember
our discussion at the time．We thought that the robbery was finished only with the use of
 advanced and obviously expensive equipment and that only the most experienced and skilled
criminals could possibly imitate it;we believed therefore that it was relatively safe.When talking
in prisons some years later I learned that there had been several robberies in which the techniques
had been copied,so perhaps we were wrong．

     Disposing(处理)of waste has been a problem since humans started producing it．As more
and more people choose to live close together in cities,the waste-disposal problem becomes
increasingly difficult．
During the eighteenth century,it was usual for several neighboring towns to get together to select
a faraway spot as a dump site．Residents or trash haulers(垃圾拖运者)would transport household
rubbish,rotted wood,and old possessions to the site．Periodically some of the trash was burned
and the rest was buried．The unpleasant sights and smells caused no problem because nobody
lived close by．
Factories,mills,and other industrial sites also had waste to be disposed of．Those located on rivers
often just dumped the unwanted remains into the water．Others built huge burners with chimneys
to deal with the problem．
     Several facts make these choices unacceptable to modern society．The first problem is space
Dumps,which are now called landfills,are most needed in heavily populated areas．Such areas
rarely have empty land suitable for this purpose．Property is either too expensive or too close to
residential neighborhoods．Long-distance trash hauling has been a common practice but once farm
areas are refusing to accept rubbish from elsewhere,cheap land within trucking distance of major city
areas is almost nonexistent．
     Awareness of pollution dangers has resulted in more strict rules of waste disposal．Pollution of
rivers,ground water,land and air is a price people can no longer pay to get rid of waste．The amount
of waste,however,continues to grow．
     Recycling efforts have become commonplace,and many towns require their people to take part．
Even the most efficient recycling programs,however,can hope to deal with only about 50 percent of a
city's reusable waste.